Hydraulic motor mechanism



Fb.11,1947. C' R SACCHINI 2,415,607

HYDRAULIC MOTOR 4MECHANISM Filed sept. 25, 1945 ssheets-sneet 1 BY K Anale/vnf Feb. 1l, 1947. c. R. sAccHlNl 2,415,507

HYDRAULIC MOTOR MECHANISM Filed sept. 25, 194s s sheets-sheet 2 9 i Y l /bj v INVENTOR Cou/Maus la .Saccf//N/ ATTORNEY Febl1, 1947. 'cg

R; sAccHlNl 2,415,607

HYDRAULIC MoTon MEcHANIsM Filed sept. 25, 1943 '3 sheets-sheet s f '4 Mii @Egg WWW/W A TTOPNE Y Patented Feb. 11, l9 47 UNITED STATE l 2,415,601 s PATENT oFF-ICEl HYDRAULIC MOTOR MECHANISM Columbus R. Sacchini, Euclid, Ohio, assigner to The Marquette Metal Products Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation o! Ohio Application September 25, 1943, Serial No. 503,772 v s claims. (ci. 121-164) This invention relates to duid operated motors,

and more particularly to a hydraulic motor def signed primarily Vfor use as the prime mover for window or windshield wiping mechanisms,

The hydraulic motor oi the present invention is ideally adapted for driving windshield wipers on aircraft and thus meets the many exacting requirements of such installations. For example,-

the manufacturing process to facilitate mass production. Provision is made so that motors oi the same design and using many interchangeable parts may be arranged to produce any desired .angle of wiper blade travel throughout a wide range.

Furthermore, the angular travel of the 2 taken generally -along the and 4.A

Referring to Fig. 1, the motor I of this invention is shown supported on the inside of a top lines l-u-'I of Figs. 3

framework 2 of a typical'airplane windshield panel 3. 'A danged bushing] of the motor I extends through the framework 2 and rotatably supports a power output shaft to the -outer end of which is suitably secured a windshield wiping mechanism assembly 6including a wiper blade 1. Although the motor I is shown in Fig.`1 as arranged to drive a single wiper blade, it is obvious that suitable (e. g.) dexible shaiting and wiper blade may be made dferent on Opposite sides of the normal center line of the unit. The motor also incorporates an automatic duid operated device which locks the power output shaft of the motor against undesired movement such as might be caused, for example, by air stream pre'ssure against the wiper blade when parked i certain positions.

An object hereof is to provide a hydraulic motor incorporating the foregoing features and which meets all of the requirements of aircraft installations indicated above and others.

. Another object is to provide an improved duid operated motor.

A further object is to provide a hydraulic motor incorporating an automatic locking or braking mechanism.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent 'from the following description wherein reference is made to the drawings, in which Fig. l is a view showing the hydraulic motor in y combination with a windshield wiper mechanism Aassociated with a typical or illustrative airplane windshield section;

Fig. 2 is a rear elevational view of the motor, partly in section;

Fig.v 3 is a relatively enlarged sectional view taken generally along the line 3-3 and 7; v

Figs. 4, 5 and 6.are similarly enlarged sectional views taken generally along the lines 4-4, I--S,

r and 6--6 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 7 is a similarly enlarged sectional view cooperating means could be used to cause additional blades to be driven'by the motor. A conduit 8 is arranged to supply high pressure duid tothe motor I from a suitable source (not shown), and a similar conduit '9 is arranged to provide an exhauster discharge path for fluid` from the motor I.

'.Ihe motor I as shown in detailin Figs. 2 to 'I comprises a generally hollow main body I0 within which the principal working parts of the motor are contained and a lower head member I I which supports as a sub-assembly a valve shifting (snap action) mechanism I2. The body I0 and mem- .ber II are secured together at a gasketed joint as by means of suitable screws I3 (Fig. 2) The motor will, of course, operate properly in any turned position, hence terms such as upward.

downward, left and right etc. are not to be considered restrictive in any sense.l y

The inlet conduit 8 and the outlet conduit 9 shown in Fig. 1 are screwed into a tapped inlet port I4 land a tapped outlet port I5, respectively. Communicating with the inlet port I4 is a substantially horizontal passage I6`(Fig. 6) which extends to a locking piston chamber I8 and a substantially vertical passage I9 which, in turn, extends to a port 20 at the .left hand end (Figs. 5 and '7) of a valve mechanism 2|. Intersecting the passage t9 intermediate of its ends is a lateral passage 22 which intersects 'at its inner end a. vertical passage 2l leading to a port 25 at the right hand end of the valve mechanism 2|. The passages 22 and 24 are closed at their 'outer ends by suitable plugs 26 and 28, respectively. A passage 29 extends from the inside of the body I0 through a thickened rear wall portion I0' to the outlet port I5 to provide for venting of the duid from the interior of the 'motor housing after it has performed its operating function-and wherein it has served to lubricate the relatively moving parts. Fluid is permitted to dowbetween the left hand end of the valve mechanism 2I and a left hand piston chamber 30 through-a' passage 3| and between the right hand end of the vvalve mechanism 2l and a right' hand piston chamber 32 through a passage 34. From an examination of the drawings it will be clear that all the duid .passages are so arranged that they may be easis rotatably supported in a flanged bushing 4| which is pressed into a socket in the wall portion I. Mounted on a non-circular, e. g. squared, portion of the shaft 6 betweenl the bushing 4I and an enlarged portion 42 .ofthe shaft is a pinion 44.V An enlarged cylindrical portion 42. of the shaft has a truncated V-shaped annular groove 46 which cooperates with an automatic lockingV or braking mechanism to be described later.

'I'he piston chambers 30' and 32 are defined by cylindrical liners 50 and 6I, respectively, which are pressed into suitable bores in opposed side walls of the body member I0, the bores being closed as by gasketed plugs 62. Slidably received within the piston chambers 30 and 92 are opposed head portions 64 and 65, respectively, of a power piston 66 having an intermediate rack tooth portion 69 in constant mesh with the pinion 44. To the end face of each of the piston heads 64 and '4 and 82 pressed into opposed bores in thickened section portions of the side walls of the body I0,

the bores being closed by suitable gasketed plugs 84. The left hand end portion of the member 80 (Figs. 5 and 7) has an annular groove 85 cooperable with a pair of ports 88 and 89 in the liner 8| and a similar groove 86 cooperable with a port 80 and the port 20 in the liner 8|. Likewise the right hand end portion of the plunger has an annular groove 94 cooperable with a pair of ports 96 and 91 in the hner 82 and a similar groove 05 cooperable with a port 98 and the port 26 in the liner 82.

The valve member 80 is drilled from opposite ends to define axial passages |00 and |0I which near their inner ends intersect spaced radial passage I02 and |04, respectively.y A radial passage I 05 extends from the groove 06 tq the passage |00 and a radial passage |06 extends from the groove 84 to the passage IOI.

A longitudinal recess |09 in the outer periphery of the liner 8| interconnects the ports 08 and 90 with the passage 9|, and a. similar recess |09 in the periphery of the liner 82 interconnects the ports 96 and 98 with -the passage 34. The ports 2n and 25 have counterbored portions H0 and 66 is secured a cup-shaped, exible sliding seal spaced abutment shoulders 62 and 64 for engagement alternately with a swingably supported or eccentric pin 65 of the valve shifting, snap-action mechanism I2. The shoulders 62 and 64 could be end faces of a recess cut into the lower side of the piston, but for certain adjustments, to be described later, the shoulders are movably carried on the piston. The pin 66 extends upwardly from a generally disc-like member 61 .rotatably supported on a stub shaft 68 pressed into a socket in a central boss of the head member I I and having a bearing ange 68'. Diametricaliy opposed chordal slots 69 in the sides of the disc 61 define pairs of anges '|0 each of which pairs rotatably support a pin '|I extending across'the respective slot 69. A diametral opening in'each of the pins 'II simply but slidably receives a straight axially directed end portion of a helicalspring 12. The other ends of the springs 'I2 are similarly formed and operatively secured respectively to pins 14 rotatably received in sockets in the head body member II. The snap-action mechanism I2 is entirely supported by the head member 'il and III, respectively, at the point of junction with the passages I9 and 24, respectively, and the ports 89 and 91 have counterbored portions H2 and Il4 at their outer ends. respectively, to permit uid to flow freely therethrough into the interior of the motor housing.

An automatic locking mechanism Hs (Figs. 3 l

and 6) comprises a skirted piston ||6 slirlably mounted to reciprocate within a bore IIS in the body I0 which-deilnes the piston chamber I8.

The bore |I8 is closed at its opposite ends as by gasketed plugs II9. The piston |16 is normally biased to the left (position shown in solid lines mally displaced from a. complementary tapered valve-seat-constituting surface |24 deilned on the wall of the bore |I0.

A ,generally triangular recess |25 in the top wall of the body i0 opens into the central portion of the bore H8, as shown most clearly in Figs. 3 and 6, to permit ocsillatlon oi an arm |28 which is splined at one end to a locking screw |28. and which has at its other end an forms with the memberrII a self-sustaining sub- As clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 7, reciprocation of the-piston 56 causes the shoulders 62 and 64 alternately to engage the pin to rotate the disc member 61 from one side to the other of one turned, position of the disc member with a snapaction effected by the compressed springs 'I2 as the springs are brought into dead-center alignment and moved past that position clockwise and elongated slot |29 surrounding a pin |30 extending upwardly into the recess |25 from a nattened portion |21 of the piston H6. The screw |20 passes through a threaded opening in the top wall of the body I0 and has a tapered inner -end i9! normally received within the groove 46 in the shaft lifrictionally to lock the shaft against rotation.

A pori: |82 in the skirted portion of the piston H6 permits fluid within the bore I I8 behind the piston to ilow into the recess |26 from which it is discharged through an opening I 94 into the- 'assume that the piston 56' is in the extreme piston .II6 to the :ight against the bias of the ilows into the passages I9, 22 and 124.

permit free reciprocation of the' the now of fluid into the at the port 20 by the valve member 80. 'I'hevv iluid which enters the passages 22 and 24, however, flows through the port 25, the annular groove 95, the port 98. the recess |09, andthe passage 34 into the piston chamber 32 and thereby forces the piston 56 to the left. Movement of this piston 56 to the left eifects rotary move'- ment of the shaft due to operative engagement between the rack portionv 58 and the pinion 44.

At atime preselected by the relative positions of the shoulder 64 and the pin 65 and during movement of the piston 56 to the left, the shoulder 64 engages thepin 65 causing rotation of the disc member 61 and consequent movement thereof through and past its dead center position (Figures 4 and '1) As the springs 12 drive the member 61 through the dead center position, the pin 15 moves with a snap action to engage theshoulder 18 and ilip the valve member 80 to its other position. High pressure iiuid fromd the passage I9 now flows through the port 20, the annular groove 86', the

passage 90, the recess |08, and the passage 3|- into the piston chamber to return the piston 56 toits original position, consequently causing reverse rotation of the shaft 5. During reverse movement of the piston 52, `the shoulder 62 engages the pin 65 and moves the member 61 back through the dead center position causing ,the pin 'i5 to move with a snap action and engage the shoulder 16 to return the valve membe 80 to its original position. Reciprocation of v the piston 52 continues in like manner until high pressure iluid is no longer permitted to flow into the port i4.

As the piston 56 moves from the position shown inthe drawings, the fluid in the piston chamber 30 is forced through the passage 3|, the recess 6 to the leftA (-Fig. 6), thereby pulling the arm |26 clockwise and causing the screw |28 to engage the V'groove 46 and lock the shaft 5 against further movement which might be caused, for example, by air pressure against the wiper blade 1. Although not indicated clearly in the drawvings,the piston I|6 has a slightly smaller diameter than the piston chamber I6 so that high pressure fluid trapped in the chamber i8 to the left of the piston when duid supply to the motor is inten'upted mayiiow around the piston I6. However, the clearance between the piston I|6 and the chamber I8 is so smallthat, because-of fluid friction, there'is no hesitation in the movement of the piston I I 6 to the right upon initiation v member 80 prevent trapping of fluid at the ends of the member 80, and act as a dash-pot to re- |08, the port 88, the annular groove 85, the port 89, and the recess |I2 into the interior of the motor housing where it serves to lubricate the moving parts. A parallel fluid path to the interior of the housing also exists from the groove 85 through `the passages |05, |00, and |02 in the valve member 80. Likewise, during return movement of the piston 56, the iluid in the piston chamber 32 is forced through the passage 34, the recess |09, the port 96, the annular groove 94, the port 97, and the recess I I4 into the interior of the motor housing. A parallel uid discharge path also exists from the groove 94 through the passages |06, |0i, and |04. Excess iluid from the interior of the motor housing ows through the passage 29 and port I5 into the exhaust conduit 9. The passages |00 and |0| serve to prevent trapping of fluid at' the ends of the valve member 80, respectively, and the diameter thereof may be selected to provide a dash-pot action if desired.

Upon stopping the ow of high pressure fluid to the inlet port I4, the motor ceases operation and the spring |20 forces the locking piston |||i l duce percussive impingement or slamming of the member against the plugs 84.

I'he angular sweep of the wiper blade is controlled by the relative positioning of the shoul-- necessary to move the arm 42' into different angularly adjusted positions about the axis of the drive shaft 5 as on the spline-serrated outer end of the shaft (Fig. 3)

In Fig. 4 the adjustment for drive shaft stroke and which enables, for example, the angular travel of a wiper arm on the drive shaft 5 to be adjusted, comprises a pair of blocks |40 and I 42.

which blocks support the abutment or shoulder surfaces 62 and 64 for engagement with thepin 65 ofthe snap action mechanism I2, and a block supporting and adjusting -screw |43 eccentric to the axisof the power piston. The adjusting screw has right and left hand threaded portions I 44 and |46 threaded to the-blocks, and the blocks have flat faces at one side sufciently close to (as in sliding contact with) a surface such as |45 of the power piston 56 so that the blocks are prevented from being turned out of position. The two ends of the screw |43 are supported for rotation in l close fitting but non-threaded aligned bores |41 and |41' parallel to the power/ piston axis. The outer end of one bore (|41 as shown) has a removable screw plug |49 which enables the adjacent slotted end of the screw |43 to be reached for simultaneous adjustment of the blocks toward and away from each other by the screw threads. The plug |49 can be jammed against the adjacent end of the screw to maintain the adjustment of the blocks when the latter are moved to the desired position. The plug |49 is accessible before the associated exible seal'assembly .(59, 6|) is secured to the power piston. Movement of the screw |43 to the right is blocked by a plug |50 having, for example, ay drive t in the bore |41'. The blocks |40 and |42 could, of course, be supported on individually turnable screws, each having a, locking plug in its respective supporting bore in the power piston.

1. A hydraulic motor comprising a body formed with l here providing apalr of opposed cylinders and a further' bore providing a pair of valve chambers, said body being formed with iluid supl otally mounted on ythe body, and a compression `1 coil spring having end portions beyond coils entering respective apertures of the pms, said ranged frietionally to engage said shaft, a brake operating piston, a cylinder for said operating piston, means interposed between said operating piston and said brake means for operating said brake means in accordance with the position of 'said operating' piston, means'normally biasing said operating piston to a brake applying position, means defining duid passages for conducting high pressure uid to said cylinder lto move saidoperating piston against said biasing means therebytorelease said brake. n

s. a mechanism in accordance with claim 5 characterized inthat clearance is provided between said operating piston and said cylinder 5 sumcient for duid to pass around said piston during return of said piston to the normal position but insufhcient to delay appreciably movespring acting to move the actuator through a dead center position. an eccentric driving connection between said piston and said valve actuator, and an eccentric driving connection between said valve actuator and said valve member.

2. A hydraulic motor comprising a substantially hollow body member open on one side and formed with a. pair of parallel cylinder bores, .a piston reciprocatably received within one of said bores, a shaft operatively connected with said piston and driven thereby, said body member being. formed with passages for the flow of fluid under pressure and 'for the distribution of said fluid to and from said one of said cylinder bores, a. valve plunger reciprocatively received within the other of said bores and operable for regulating the ilow of duid to and from said one of said bores thereby to control the operation of said piston, a head body member closing said open side of said body member, and avalve shifting lever pvotallysupported within the hollow body member by said head body member on a pivot axis lying between said parallel bores and operativelyassociated with said piston for actuation upon reciprocating movement of said piston, said valve shifting lever including means for effecting operation of said valve plunger.

3. The combination with a hydraulic motor having a power take-off shaft driven with alternate rotary motion by a piston reciprocatable within a cylinder, of a brake mechanism for said shaft including a brake operating piston and a screw operated thereby into and out of braking contact with the shaft, said brake operating piston being normally biased to braking position, a cylinder for said brake piston, and means denning passages for the concurrent conduction of operating fluid under pressure to both of said cylinders.A

4. The combination with a hydraulic motor having a power take-off shaft driven with alternate rotary motion 'by a piston reciprocatable within a cylinder, of a brake mechanism for said shaft including a brake piston normally biased to braking position and a friction brake operatively connected with the piston and engaging the shaft, ,a cylinder for said brake piston, means dening passages for the concurrent conduction of operating uid under pressure to both of said cylinders, and a valve means interposed in sai passages leading to said rst cylinder,

5. In a hydraulic motor, a rotatable poweroutput shaft driven by a reciprocable doubleended piston controlled by an automatic reversing valve mechanism actuated by the piston, a brake mechanism comprising a brake means arment of. said piston from the normal position.

'1. In a reciprocating uid operated motor having an oscillating power output shaft, means Gto supply operating fluid to the motor, said means operating to cause continued oscillation of the A l shaft, a spring Voperated brake associated with the shaft to stop it, and uid operated means arranged to overcome-the action of the brake operating spring and hold the brake released so long as operating duid is supplied to the motor.

8. In a fluid operated motor, a reversibly acting piston mechanism including uid supply passage means and reversing valve means operatively associated therewith for causing continued reciprocation of the piston, a power output shaft in geared relationship to the piston for oscillation thereby, a screw arranged operatively to engage and disengage the shaft, fluid operated mechanism normally continuously supplied by iuid from said fluid passage means, said fluid operated mechanism being connected with the screw in a mannerto turn the same in a direction to cause the screw to disengage the shaft, and means operating consequent upon cessation of fluid supply to the fluid passage means to cause the screw to engage the shaft.

' VCIOLUMBUS R. SACCHINL REFERENCES CITED VThe following references are of record in the ille' of this patentt` UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,993,612 Lum Mar. 5, 1935 1,194,783 Rennerfelt Aug. 15, 1918 1,776,765 Ferris Sept. 23,1930 1,208,554 Helmholtz et al. Dec. 12, 1916 1,503,280 Osbourne July 29, 1924 2,243,656 Shannon -1---- May 27, 1941 1,910,019 Kelly May 23, 1933 2,235,544 Wold Mar, 18, 1941 2,265,307 Orshansky Dec. 9, 1941 1,129,741 Shannon -Feb. 23, 1915 746,158 Reed Dec. 8,' 1903 111,624 Fogarty Feb. 7, 1871 494,207- Kendrick Mar. 28, 1893 551,024 Wright Dec. 10, 1895 606,480 Doherty June 28, 1898 1,661,466 Cook Mar. 6, 1928 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date A587.610 French Jan. 20, 1925 290,024 German Feb. 2, 1916 

